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First published on January 25, 2008, doi:10.1177/0091270007312155

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2008;48:344.

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©© 2008 American College of Clinical Pharmacology, Inc.
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , 10.1177/0091270007312155

Article

The Basis of an Intracrine Pharmacology

Richard N. Re * and Julia L. Cook 1

1 Ochsner Clinic Foundation

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rre{at}ochsner.org.


  Abstract
Intracrines are extracellular signaling peptide factors that can act in the intracellular space after either internalization or retention in the cells that synthesize them. They are structurally diverse and include hormones, growth factors, enzymes, DNA-binding proteins, and other peptide moieties. We have suggested principles of intracrine action and have applied those principles to forms of cellular and tissue differentiation, hormonal responsiveness, and memory. Moreover, recent findings make clear that some currently available pharmaceuticals act via the alteration of intracrine function. Thus, the beginnings of an intracrine pharmacology are at hand and we here review principles applicable to the design of such agents. The intracrine pharmacology of the renin-angiotensin system, angiogenesis, and stem cell development is discussed.
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