J Clin Pharmacol
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First published on December 12, 2007, doi:10.1177/0091270007310382

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2008;48:209.

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©© 2007 American College of Clinical Pharmacology, Inc.
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , 10.1177/0091270007310382

Article

Lack of a Pharmacokinetic Effect of Raltegravir on Midazolam: In Vitro/In Vivo Correlation

Marian Iwamoto 1*, Kelem Kassahun 1, Matthew D. Troyer 1, William D. Hanley 1, Ping Lu 1, Alisha Rhoton 1, Amelia S. Petry 1, Kalyan Ghosh 1, Eric Mangin 1, Emanuel P. DeNoia 2, Larissa A. Wenning 1, Julie A. Stone 1, Keith M. Gottesdiener 1, and John A. Wagner 1

1 Merck Research Laboratories
2 Healthcare Discoveries, Inc

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: marian_iwamoto{at}merck.com.


  Abstract
Raltegravir is a novel HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with potent in vitro activity (95% inhibitory concentration = 33 nM in 50% human serum). In vitro characterization of raltegravir inhibition potential was assessed against a panel of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. An open-label, 2-period study was conducted to assess the effect of raltegravir on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam, a sensitive CYP 3A4 probe substrate: period 1, 2.0 mg of midazolam; period 2, 400 mg of raltegravir every 12 hours for 14 days with 2.0 mg of midazolam on day 14. There was no meaningful in vitro effect of raltegravir on inhibition of a panel of CYP enzymes and induction of CYP 3A4. In the presence of raltegravir, midazolam area under the curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-{infty}) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) geometric mean ratios were similar (geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals: 0.92 [0.82, 1.03] (P = .208) and 1.03 [0.87, 1.22] (P = .751), respectively). No substantial differences were observed in Tmax (P = .750) or apparent half-life (P = .533) of midazolam. Plasma levels of midazolam were not substantially affected by raltegravir, which implies that raltegravir is not a clinically important inducer or inhibitor of CYP 3A4 and that raltegravir would not be expected to affect the pharmacokinetics of other drugs metabolized by CYP 3A4 to a clinically meaningful extent.
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