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Ghrelin Agonist (TZP-101): Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation in Healthy Volunteers: A Phase I, First-in-Human Study

From Pharmanet Development Group, Inc, Miami, Florida (Dr Lasseter, Mr Oliva); Tranzyme, Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Dr Shaughnessy, Dr Gagnon, Dr Kosutic); University of Washington, Seattle (Dr Cummings); Kissimmee, Florida (Dr Pezzullo); and PK-PM Associates, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Dr Wargin).

The authors evaluate the human safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of TZP-101, an agonist of the hGHS-R1a (ghrelin) receptor. Healthy subjects were randomized to either single-dose TZP-101 (20-600 µg/kg) or placebo by 30-minute intravenous infusion. Subjects underwent continuous cardiac monitoring, 12-lead electrocardiograms, and assessment for orthostatic hypotension, injection site tolerability, vital signs, and adverse events during the 24-hour postdose period. Blood and urine samples were collected for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessment for 24 hours. Forty-eight subjects randomly received 1 of 6 TZP-101 doses or placebo. TZP-101 was well tolerated, with single episodes each of headache, lower abdominal pain, diarrhea, and dizziness. At the highest dose, 2 subjects experienced bradycardia. All events were self-limited. Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate decreased from baseline approximately 45 to 60 minutes after infusion start at higher doses. No other significant changes were observed. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed less than dose-proportional behavior of drug with low clearance (7 mL/h/kg), small volume of distribution (114 mL/kg), and half-life values of 13 hours, which were independent of dose. Pharmacodynamic analyses suggested TZP-101, at doses as low as 40 µg/kg, expressed activity at the receptor. TZP-101 displayed a promising pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profile for use in gastrointestinal motility disorders.

Key Words: Receptors • ghrelin • motility • phase I • tolerability

Address for correspondence: G. Kosutic, MD, 4819 Emperor Blvd, Suite 400, Durham, NC 27703; e-mail: gkosutic{at}tranzyme.com.

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