HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (10) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Greenblatt, D. J. Articles by Goldman, P. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Greenblatt, D. J. Articles by Goldman, P.

Ginkgo biloba Does Not Alter Clearance of Flurbiprofen, a Cytochrome P450-2C9 Substrate

From the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts–New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (D. J. Greenblatt, L. L. von Moltke, Y. Luo, E. S. Perloff, K. A. Horan, A. Bruce, R. C. Reynolds, J. S. Harmatz); the National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy (B. Avula, I. A. Khan); and the Division for Research and Education in Complementary and Integrated Medical Therapies, Osher Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (P. Goldman).

The effect of Ginkgo biloba on the activity of CYP2C9, the isoform responsible for S-warfarin clearance, was assessed in 11 healthy volunteers who received single 100-mg doses of flurbiprofen, a probe substrate for CYP2C9. Subjects also received either a standardized G biloba leaf preparation (Ginkgold, 3 doses of 120 mg) or matching placebo in a randomized, double-blind, 2-way crossover study. Mean kinetic variables for flurbiprofen with either placebo or G biloba were elimination half-life, 3.9 versus 3.5 hours; total AUC, 57 versus 55 µg/mL h; and oral clearance, 32.9 versus 31.6 mL/min. None of these differences was significant. Based on highperformance liquid chromatography analysis, each 60-mg Ginkgold tablet contained 6.6 µg of amentoflavone and 61.2 µg of quercetin, both previously identified as CYP2C9 inhibitors. These amounts were apparently too low to inhibit CYP2C9 function in vivo. The results confirm previous controlled clinical studies showing no effect of ginkgo on the kinetics or dynamics of warfarin.

Key Words: Ginkgo biloba • cytochrome P450-2C9 • flurbiprofen kinetics • herbal products • drug interactions

Address for reprints: David J. Greenblatt, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Nagata, M. Hidaka, H. Sekiya, Y. Kawano, K. Yamasaki, M. Okumura, and K. Arimori Effects of Pomegranate Juice on Human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and Tolbutamide Pharmacokinetics in Rats Drug Metab. Dispos., February 1, 2007; 35(2): 302 - 305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Uchida, H. Yamada, X. D. Li, S. Maruyama, Y. Ohmori, T. Oki, H. Watanabe, K. Umegaki, K. Ohashi, and S. Yamada Effects of ginkgo biloba extract on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tolbutamide and midazolam in healthy volunteers. J. Clin. Pharmacol., November 1, 2006; 46(11): 1290 - 1298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]