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Comparison of the Oropharyngeal Deposition of Inhaled Ciclesonide and Fluticasone Propionate in Patients With Asthma

From the Pulmonary Research Institute at Hospital Grosshansdorf Center for Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Grosshansdorf, Germany (K. Richter, F. Kanniess, H. Magnussen), and ALTANA Pharma AG, Konstanz, Germany (C. Biberger, R. Nave).

Ciclesonide is a novel inhaled corticosteroid that is converted in the lungs to its active metabolite, desisobutyryl-ciclesonide (des-CIC). The aim of this study was to compare the deposition of ciclesonide, as well as its conversion to des-CIC, in the oropharyngeal cavity with fluticasone propionate (FP) following inhalation via hydrofluoroalkane-propelled metered-dose inhalers (HFA-MDIs). Eighteen asthmatics inhaled ciclesonide 800 µg followed by FP 1000 µg or vice versa in an open, randomized, 2-treatment, 2-sequence study design. The oropharynx was washed out immediately and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after inhalation. Samples were analyzed for ciclesonide, des-CIC, and FP using liquid chromatography with tandem mass-spectrometric detection. Concentration-time curves and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were calculated for each drug. Ciclesonide and FP were recovered in almost all samples. Within 60 minutes after inhalation, the amounts of both ciclesonide and FP decreased sharply, and low residual levels were detected after 30 minutes. des-CIC was detected in relatively low concentrations, with maximum concentration 30 minutes following inhalation. The AUC_{0-60 min} for ciclesonide (250.4 nmol·h/L) and des-CIC (37.8 nmol·h/L) were found to be significantly lower compared with FP (636.2 nmol·h/L, P < .001). Approximately 50% less ciclesonide and 90% less metabolite were present in the oropharynx compared with FP. Less than 20% of the residual ciclesonide in the oropharynx was metabolized to des-CIC. These findings indicate that oropharyngeal deposition of ciclesonide is only half that of FP following inhalation from an HFA-MDI. Furthermore, there is little activation of ciclesonide to its active metabolite in the oropharynx, suggesting a decreased likelihood of inhaled ciclesonide-associated oropharyngeal side effects.

Key Words: Ciclesonide • inhaled corticosteroids • fluticasone propionate • desisobutyryl-ciclesonide • asthma

Address for reprints: Dr Kai Richter, Pulmonary Research Institute at Hospital Grosshansdorf, Center for Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Woehrendamm 80, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany.

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