HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (19) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Wang, X. Articles by Shang, Y. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Wang, X. Articles by Shang, Y.

Effects of Nicotine on the Number and Activity of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells

From the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China.

Recently, some studies have shown that nicotine increased neovascularization, which involves endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The effects of nicotine on EPCs are still unclear at present. Therefore, the authors investigated whether nicotine had influences on EPC number and activity. The EPCs were stimulated with nicotine (to make a series of final concentrations: 10^-12 mol/L, 10^-10 mol/L, 10^-8 mol/L, 10^-6 mol/L, 10^-4 mol/L) or vehicle control for the respective time points(12, 18, 24, 32, and 48 hours). The EPCs were characterized as adherent cells double positive for DiLDL uptake and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining under a laser-scanning confocal microscope. They were further documented by demonstrating the expression of KDR, VEGFR-2, and AC133 with flow cytometry. The EPC proliferation, migration, and in vitro vasculogenesis activity were assayed with the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay; the modified Boyden chamber assay; and the in vitro vasculogenesis kit, respectively. The EPC adhesion assay was performed by replating those on fibronectin-coated dishes and then counting the adherent cells. As a result, nicotine dose dependently increased the EPC number and the proliferative, migratory, adhesive, and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity at nicotine concentrations of 10^-12 to 10^-8 mol/L. The peak effects on EPCs were observed at concentrations of nicotine 10^-8 mol/L, similar to those in the blood of smokers. In addition, nicotine (10^-8 mol/L) time dependently increased the EPC number and activity. However, cytotoxicity was seen at higher nicotine concentrations (> 10^-6 mol/L). In conclusion, nicotine had complex effects on EPCs: nicotine might induce the augmentation of EPCs with enhanced functional activity at relatively low concentrations. However, cytotoxicity was seen at higher nicotine concentrations.

Key Words: Endothelial progenitor cell • nicotine • vasculogenesis • coronary artery disease • laser scanning confocal microscope

Address for reprints: XingXiang Wang, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. C. Gurtner and E. Chang "Priming" Endothelial Progenitor Cells: A New Strategy to Improve Cell Based Therapeutics Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2008; 28(6): 1034 - 1035. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Tang, J. Lu, J. P. Walterscheid, H.-H. Chen, D. A. Engler, T. Sawamura, P.-Y. Chang, H. J. Safi, C.-Y. Yang, and C.-H. Chen Electronegative LDL circulating in smokers impairs endothelial progenitor cell differentiation by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation via LOX-1 J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2008; 49(1): 33 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X.-X. Wang, F.-R. Zhang, Y.-P. Shang, J.-H. Zhu, X.-D. Xie, Q.-M. Tao, J.-H. Zhu, and J.-Z. Chen Transplantation of Autologous Endothelial Progenitor Cells May Be Beneficial in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 10, 2007; 49(14): 1566 - 1571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Shantsila, T. Watson, and G. Y.H. Lip Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Cardiovascular Disorders J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 20, 2007; 49(7): 741 - 752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Avogaro and G. P. Fadini The Janus Face of Nicotinic Angiogenesis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 19, 2006; 48(12): 2561 - 2563. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Heeschen, E. Chang, A. Aicher, and J. P. Cooke Endothelial Progenitor Cells Participate in Nicotine-Mediated Angiogenesis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 19, 2006; 48(12): 2553 - 2560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Werner and G. Nickenig Influence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Limitations for Therapy? Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., February 1, 2006; 26(2): 257 - 266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Bose, H. Zhang, K. B. Udupa, and P. Chowdhury Activation of p-ERK1/2 by nicotine in pancreatic tumor cell line AR42J: effects on proliferation and secretion Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): G926 - G934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Thum and J. Bauersachs Spotlight on endothelial progenitor cell inhibitors: short review Vascular Medicine, July 1, 2005; 10(1_suppl): S59 - S64. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. Dong, L. E. Crawford, and P. J. Goldschmidt-Clermont Endothelial Progenitor Obsolescence and Atherosclerotic Inflammation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 3, 2005; 45(9): 1458 - 1460. [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Thum and J. Bauersachs Spotlight on endothelial progenitor cell inhibitors: short review Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2005; 10(2_suppl): S59 - S64. [Abstract] [PDF]