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Effects of Low-Dose Morphine on Gastric Emptying in Healthy Volunteers

Joseph F. Foss, MD

Michael O'Connor, MD

Michael F. Roizen, MD

Jonathan Moss, MD, PhD

Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and the Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Appropriate preoperative pain therapyfor patients undegoing surgery may be withheld due to the fear that opioids will inhibit gastric emptying and increase the risk of aspration. Previously, doses of 5 to 10 mg of morphine have been shown to delay gastric emptying time. However, the effect of lower doses of morphine on gastric emptying in humans has not been reported. In this study, the effects of intravenous morphine 0.05 mg/kg-3.5 mg for 70-kg body weight, a dose that can cause analgesia-on gastric emtying were evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 15 healthy human volunteers uing the acetaminophen test. Our data indicated that this low dose of morphine significantly prolonged the gastric emptying time. Thus, even small doses of morphine inhibit gastric emptying. This effect may be important in patients undergoing surgery, in patients receiving other oral medcations after surgery in ambulatory settings, and in instances of patient-controlled analgesia.

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